Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Minimally invasive electroceutical catheter for endoluminal defect sealing

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6855

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) In vitro closure of an artificially created intraluminal defect in PVC tube. ( B ) Proof of concept of device functionality to adhere ePATCH at a blind site on porcine aorta luminal wall. ( C ) Proof of concept of the device feasibility on closing a 2-mm defect in the porcine aorta connected to a mock circulatory loop. ( D ) The lap shear adhesion strength of ePATCH adhered to different biological substrates using an electric current of 1 to 3 mA. Control, DuraSeal—a commercially available sealant. (i) Schematic of the lap shear test assembly. (ii) The maximum shear adhesion strength at failure against collagen sheets. (iii) The maximum shear adhesion strength at failure against porcine aorta. (iv) The maximum shear adhesion strength at failure against porcine heart. ( E ) Interaction between the activated Voltaglue and porcine aorta as observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). T, tissue; B, bioadhesive aka Voltaglue. ( F ) Cross section showing the interface of the ePATCH against a porcine carotid artery as evaluated ex vivo through Masson’s trichrome (MT) staining. P, graphene electrode patch. MT staining colors the Voltaglue/ePATCH red and the tissues blue. The defect is that the artery is sealed using miniaturized CATRE. Data are presented as means ± SD, n = 3, and P values are calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey correction, * P < 0.05. Photo credit: Manisha Singh, NTU.

Article Snippet: 3D graphene ink was purchased from Dimension Inx, LLC, USA.

Techniques: In Vitro, Shear, Control, Microscopy, Ex Vivo, Staining

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Minimally invasive electroceutical catheter for endoluminal defect sealing

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6855

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Artistic representation of potential application for the device showing pseudo-aneurysm repair. ( B ) Feasibility of the catheter for defect sealing in an ex vivo porcine carotid artery in the presence of blood. The closure of the defect is evaluated through H&E staining. H&E stains Voltaglue purple and carotid artery pink. H&E-stained sections from the ePATCH sealed vessels (right), a noninjured carotid artery (left), and an injured carotid artery (middle). Scale bars, 650 μm. ( C ) The thrombogenic response of Voltaglue, graphene electrodes, and biocompatible patch as assessed by the LDH colorimetric signal. UV-cured Voltaglue and DuraSeal—a commercially available sealant is used as control. The substrate is the only component that would contact the blood inside a lumen. ( D ) Proof of concept of vascular defect closure in pig’s aorta under a continuous blood flow at the rate of 10 ml min −1 . Blood flows in the direction of the red arrow. ( E ) Demonstration of the feasibility of the ePATCH to withstand the physiological pulsatile pressure and shear stresses. (i) Collagen tubing after defect creation and 5 hours after closure with the ePATCH and CATRE under pulsatile pressures of physiological range (60 to 125 mmHg). Three defects of 2-mm diameter each are closed with the catheter device. (ii) Pressure readings in the collagen tube demonstrating pulsatile flow before defect creation, immediately after closure, and 5 hours after closure. Data are presented as means ± SD, n = 3, and P values are calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey correction, * P < 0.05. Photo credit: Manisha Singh, NTU.

Article Snippet: 3D graphene ink was purchased from Dimension Inx, LLC, USA.

Techniques: Ex Vivo, Staining, Control, Shear

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Heterogeneity and stochastic growth regulation of biliary epithelial cells dictate dynamic epithelial tissue remodeling

doi: 10.7554/eLife.15034

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Schematic illustration of the 3D imaging method used to observe biliary tree structures. ( b ) 3D imaging view of the normal biliary tree structure revealed by anti-CK19 immunostaining. Z-stacked images were acquired by confocal microscopy and reconstructed by IMARIS software (normal shading mode). ( c ) Schematic model for the biliary tree structure under the normal condition. ( d ) Experimental scheme. ( e–h ) 3D reconstructed images of the biliary tree revealed by anti-CK19 immunostaining (green), showing the distribution of the BEC lineage-labeled cells (red) in the expanded biliary structure. Serial z-stacked confocal images were tiled (3 x 3 tiles) automatically by automatic positioning stage and Olympus fluoview software. Data are displayed as maximum-intensity projections. A region indicated by a white box in the left panel is magnified in the middle and right panels. Scale bars represent 100 μm. ( f ) White arrows indicate that pre-existing BECs (tdTomato + cells) are extending outward. ( g ) White arrows indicate a branch of the biliary tree that connects the biliary duct around the PV with newly formed biliary branches around the CV. ( h ) White arrows indicate clusters of labeled cells that are located around the CV. White arrowheads indicate that the duct compartment around the PV shows a uniform mosaic pattern. All experiments were performed with at least five biological replicates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15034.007

Article Snippet: Signals of 3D immunofluorescence for CK19 and Ki67 (magenta) were converted into 3D graphics using the surface protocol of the IMARIS software.

Techniques: Imaging, Immunostaining, Confocal Microscopy, Software, Labeling

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Heterogeneity and stochastic growth regulation of biliary epithelial cells dictate dynamic epithelial tissue remodeling

doi: 10.7554/eLife.15034

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) R26R-tdTomato mice were used in combination with rAAV2/8-iCre for the labeling of hepatocytes. rAAV2/8-iCre is designed to transduce only hepatocytes. ( b ) Representative image of FACS analysis of hepatocytes labeled by rAAV2/8-iCre. These histogram images show the result of serial purification gates (FSC/SSC, pulse width, DAPI - ). ( c ) Adult R26R-tdTomato mice were injected with rAAV2/8-iCre (1x10 11 vg /mouse). 2 weeks after injection, the mice were sacrificed and the livers were stained with anti-EpCAM and anti-Spp1 antibody (scale bar, 100 um). ( d and e ) Mice were injected with rAAV2/8-iCre (10 11 vg /mouse) and then subjected to a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) or TAA injury model. tdTomato + Spp1 + EpCAM - cells were only observed in DDC-fed mouse liver sections (white arrows). Analysis was done with 5 mice per each injury model. More than 6 sections were made per mouse. ( f ) 3D imaging was performed with WT mice (normal state, DDC for 8 weeks, TAA for 8 weeks). Acquired z-stack data is displayed as maximum-intensity projection after contrast adjustment with IMARIS software. In the DDC liver, Spp1 + EpCAM - cells were observed (white arrow) around main biliary tubular structures that were composed of EpCAM + cells. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15034.010

Article Snippet: Signals of 3D immunofluorescence for CK19 and Ki67 (magenta) were converted into 3D graphics using the surface protocol of the IMARIS software.

Techniques: Labeling, Transduction, Purification, Injection, Staining, Imaging, Software

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Heterogeneity and stochastic growth regulation of biliary epithelial cells dictate dynamic epithelial tissue remodeling

doi: 10.7554/eLife.15034

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Schematic diagram showing the rationale for quantitative in vivo single-BEC tracing. ( b ) Experimental design. ( c ) Upon administration of a very low dosage of tamoxifen (0.25 mg/kg body weight), liver samples were stained with anti-CK19 antibody and Hoechst33342. BEC labeling was introduced at the single-cell level (white arrows). A 3D image and an optical section corresponding to the same visual field are shown in the left and right panels, respectively (scale bars, 100 μm). ( d ) Quantification of the BEC-labeling efficiency after the low-dosage tamoxifen injection. For FACS analysis, successive gates were applied for DAPI - , FSC/SSC, pulse width and EpCAM + (not shown). A representative plot pattern for 4 biological replicates is shown. ( e and f ) 3D images of labeled colonies after 6 weeks of TAA injury. Thick sections were stained with anti-CK19 antibody and 3D images were acquired with tdTomato + colonies (white arrows) using confocal microscopy. The data are shown as maximum intensity projections. ( e ) Duct compartment around the PV area. ( f ) Peripheral ductule compartment around the CV area (scale bars, 100 μm). ( g ) Distribution of the quantified colony size at TAA 6 weeks (n = 5 mice, mean ± SD). The colonies were classified into two categories (duct and peripheral ductule) as described in the 'Materials and methods' section. ( h ) Relative numbers of colonies categorized by colony size as depicted in the legend to the right (left stacked bar chart), and the relative contribution of cell amounts from each colony category (right stacked bar chart) (calculated as follows: 100 x (sum of the cell numbers in a colony size)/(sum of all the counted cell numbers)). ( i ) Scatter plot of the colony size distribution over time. Data from five mice were pooled for each time point (total colony numbers counted were 257, 272, 304, 307 and 310 for the 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 week samples, respectively). Horizontal lines show the mean of colony size. Images shown in panels ( c ), ( e ), and ( f ) are representative data for at least 5 biological replicates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15034.013

Article Snippet: Signals of 3D immunofluorescence for CK19 and Ki67 (magenta) were converted into 3D graphics using the surface protocol of the IMARIS software.

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining, Labeling, Injection, Confocal Microscopy

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Heterogeneity and stochastic growth regulation of biliary epithelial cells dictate dynamic epithelial tissue remodeling

doi: 10.7554/eLife.15034

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) 3D images of the biliary tree (CK19 immunostaining; green) and the cell cycle marker Ki67 (magenta) in TAA-injured liver samples. Middle and right panels show magnified views of the region of interest (ROI) 1 shown in the left panel, where CK19 + area and Ki67 + BECs therein were extracted using the IMARIS surface protocol. Distribution patterns of the CK19 + area and the Ki67 + CK19 + cells were calculated using the IMARIS vantage protocol after the signals were projected onto the background, and depicted in 2D box-and-whisker plots. ( b ) Liver samples at TAA 2 weeks were analyzed as in (a). Biliary structure is classified into duct compartment (shown in blue in the center image) and ductule (green). ( c ) Proliferating cells were labeled by continuous administration of BrdU for 8 days in the course of the TAA injury and were analyzed by anti-BrdU immunostaining (magenta). BrdU incorporation was observed in BECs residing in the peripheral ductule compartment (white arrows), but rarely in those in the duct compartment. All experiments were performed with at least 3 biological replicates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15034.015

Article Snippet: Signals of 3D immunofluorescence for CK19 and Ki67 (magenta) were converted into 3D graphics using the surface protocol of the IMARIS software.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Marker, Whisker Assay, Labeling, BrdU Incorporation Assay

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Heterogeneity and stochastic growth regulation of biliary epithelial cells dictate dynamic epithelial tissue remodeling

doi: 10.7554/eLife.15034

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3D images corresponding to the ROI 2 area in represent the duct compartment of a mouse liver at TAA 6 weeks. Signals of 3D immunofluorescence for CK19 and Ki67 (magenta) were converted into 3D graphics using the surface protocol of the IMARIS software. The duct and ductule compartments are colored in blue and green in the left panel, respectively. Only one Ki67 + nuclei was found in the duct compartment, whereas there are many in the ductules. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15034.016

Article Snippet: Signals of 3D immunofluorescence for CK19 and Ki67 (magenta) were converted into 3D graphics using the surface protocol of the IMARIS software.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Software

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Foamlike 3D Graphene Coatings for Cooling Systems Involving Phase Change

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02040

Figure Lengend Snippet: Obtained wall superheats (a) and calculated heat-transfer coefficients (b) as a function of the applied heat flux for bare silicon and graphene-coated surfaces.

Article Snippet: In this study, 3D graphene foams were grown on porous nickel foams with a thickness of 1.6 mm and pore sizes ranging from 60 to 700 μm (≥95% porosity, 99.99% purity, Alantum Advanced Technology Materials (Dalian) Co. Ltd) by the CVD method in a horizontal furnace system.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Foamlike 3D Graphene Coatings for Cooling Systems Involving Phase Change

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02040

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic and heat-transfer mechanisms in partial boiling (Δ T < 15 K): (a) bubble nucleation on graphene-coated porous surface and forces acting on a bubble upon departure from a porous surface, (b) bubble nucleation and growth inside the porous medium, (c) experimental bubble departure diameters, and (d) experimental bubble departure frequencies for surfaces with different coating thicknesses.

Article Snippet: In this study, 3D graphene foams were grown on porous nickel foams with a thickness of 1.6 mm and pore sizes ranging from 60 to 700 μm (≥95% porosity, 99.99% purity, Alantum Advanced Technology Materials (Dalian) Co. Ltd) by the CVD method in a horizontal furnace system.

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Foamlike 3D Graphene Coatings for Cooling Systems Involving Phase Change

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02040

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sample Characterization a

Article Snippet: In this study, 3D graphene foams were grown on porous nickel foams with a thickness of 1.6 mm and pore sizes ranging from 60 to 700 μm (≥95% porosity, 99.99% purity, Alantum Advanced Technology Materials (Dalian) Co. Ltd) by the CVD method in a horizontal furnace system.

Techniques: